Where and how, in the TurboTax software, do I enter a deduction for state taxes paid? I see the place to enter taxes paid with an extension, but I didn't file extension?

You don’t indicate what type of state taxes you’ve paid, but if they were state estimated tax payments, you actually enter those in the federal portion of TurboTax.  To enter your state estimated tax payments  in TurboTax Online:

1. Open TurboTax Online
2. Select Tax Home in the left pane
3. On the  Hi, let's keep working on your taxes! screen, select the dropdown on the right side of the Deductions & Credits box, then select Start, Continue, or Pick up where you left off
4. Scroll down and select the dropdown to the right of Estimates and Other Taxes Paid
5. Select  Start or Revisit to the right of Estimated Tax Payments
6. Select  Start to the right of State estimated taxes for 2023
7. Select  Yes on the Did you pay state estimated taxes for 2023? screen
8. On the  How much did you pay in state estimated taxes? page, you can enter the amount paid.  Note that you can change the date paid from what's populated on the page.  Once done, select Continue

If you're not referring to estimated tax payments, feel free to re-post with more information.