If your spouse does not have a Social Security Number I would recommend that they get an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN). In order for a person to be able to file an income tax return or to be claimed as a dependent on another tax payer's tax return, the IRS requires that they have either a Social Security Number or an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN). For your convenience I have included a LINK here where your spouse can apply for an ITIN so that you will be able to include them on your 2016 income tax return.
Without your spouse's SS# or ITIN, you will not be able to efile a married filing jointly or married filing separately tax return. The only other option would be to paper file your return as married filing separately.