what do i need to do if i cared for a relative throughout the year in order to receive a tax break?

Yes, you can file Head of Household if you fit these requirements, they may be eligible as Qualifying Relatives.

 

"A qualifying relative must meet general rules for dependents and pass these tests:

• Not a qualifying child: Isn't your qualifying child or the qualifying child of any other taxpayer
• Member of household or relationship: Lives with you all year as a member of your household or is a specific type of relative
• Gross income: Has gross income under $5,050 in 2024 or $5,200 in 2025
• Support: Gets more than half their financial support from you"

Please see the IRS publication Dependents for more details.

 

Provided they meet these guidelines, you can claim them as dependents.