If you efiled, you can double-check with this tool to be sure it was accepted:
https://shop.turbotax.intuit.com/efile/efile_status_lookup.jsp
You said: "IRS online says it has not received my return."
The IRS "Where's My Refund" tool is for people getting a refund. You said you owed and made a payment.
However, if you want to try, you might be able to trick the "Where's My Refund" tool by entering in one dollar; i.e., the single digit 1 without a decimal. It might give you an indication that they received your return. It works for mine.
But if it says it cannot find you, that won't necessarily mean anything, since it's normally a refund-only tool.
Since you said your return was "accepted", that should be proof that you efiled and that they received it. You should have an Electronic Postmark page in your return paperwork that you should keep for your records. And you said they took your payment.