State still has not debited the amount I owe. How can I ensure that I did in fact select to have this amount deducted and to confirm banking info?

You would need to contact the state in order to find out when they are processing it.  It is likely that you did not select a date so it defaulted to April 15th.  However, this information is just passed along from TurboTax to your state.  TurboTax does not have any access or control over what happens after the information is transmitted.