If you received a Form 1099-MISC as compensation for having participated in a study, this would be taxable income - but you would only need to file a tax return if your total income exceeds the threshold or you need to report another tax item, such as receiving a Form 1095-A for having received a subsidy for medical insurance. Your SSI payments are not taxable income.
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If you made any estimated tax payments for 2022, then you should file a return to claim a refund of the estimated taxes paid.
See this article from TurboTax for more information regarding who is required to file a tax return.
Click here for information from IRS regarding who should file and who needs to file.