Received a corrected 1099. Already electronically uploaded my original 1099. Can I go through the electronic upload process again and it will replace what I uploaded?

No, it won't. You need to amend your return, but first you need to wait until your original return is completely processed. That means waiting until your get your original refund, or at least 21 days if you owe taxes. Follow this link for more about amending your tax return.