My wages are being garnished due to a student loan. What do I do with that on my taxes this year?

Garnishment of wages for an unpaid debt is not reported on a tax return.  You report your income as received regardless of how that income was used.

If the payments covered interest payments then you can deduct up to $2500 on your return ... you should get a
1098-E in January.  And expect any federal or state refunds to be grabbed to satisfy the debt as well.