If you are asking about an exception to the 10% penalty for early withdrawal from a retirement plan, the list of exceptions depends on the type of plan, and are listed here.
There is no general exception for unemployment. There is an exception if you have excess medical expenses during a period of unemployment or if you withdraw the funds to pay for COBRA medical insurance premiums. There is also an exception for $1000 withdrawn for a family emergency, but only after 1/1/24, because that's when the law was changed to add that exception.
Unfortunately, No. Losing your job, although a personal disaster, is not considered an exception to the 10% penalty on retirement accounts.
The only one you may be able to use is the Health Insurance Premium Alternative.
The exceptions are:
Please see the IRS publication: Additional tax on early distributions from traditional and Roth IRAs
Please contact us again with any additional questions.
Or, if you are asking about tax penalties because you can't pay your taxes, yes, there is a penalty for not paying in full and on time. You should pay as much as you can afford before the April 15 deadline. If you think it will take more than 90 days to pay off the rest, you can apply for a payment plan. The IRS has some discretion to waive or lessen penalties but it is not guaranteed.
https://www.irs.gov/payments/payment-plans-installment-agreements