If my source of income was from a company and I as a contract worker was paid by them, what would my source of income fall under?

It would likely be "earned income", but it depends on what you are answering.  Is this a TurboTax question? 

Did you receive a Form 1099 from the company or a W-2? Are you an independent contractor?

 If you are an independent contractor you would have to file your income on a Schedule C with your Form 1040.