The payment is separate from the submission and acceptance by the IRS. You must continue through the File process to submit. When you log in, does TurboTax show a timeline of your efile and acceptance by the IRS? If so, you filed and everything is complete. Does it tell you that the return was rejected? If so, you must fix the error and resubmit your file. If TurboTax takes you back to your return when you log in, you might not have completed your filing.
You can check the status of your efile and return through the link below:
Where's My Refund