TurboTax does not "send" your payment for tax due. If you entered bank or credit card information for a direct debit, you should have checked your entry for accuracy. TurboTax only puts the information you enter into the system and the IRS or state pulls the payment from the account you indicated for it to be pulled from. You can pay directly on the IRS site:
Your bank or credit card info only goes to the IRS with your tax return. Did you file your return? Was it accepted? You can check your efile status here
https://turbotax.intuit.com/tax-tools/efile-status-lookup/
When you efile you get back 2 emails. The first email only confirms the transmission. The second email says if the IRS (or state) Accepted or Rejected your efile.
Also the only payment you can make when filing your return is for the entire balance due if you want it debited ... to make a partial payment you have to use the Pay by Mail option then either send a partial payment by check or go online to the IRS and pay directly ... and don't forget your state return if applicable.