I opted to pay my state (MO) tax using my bank account. I've done this for years with no issues. But this year TT told me to print a voucher and send a check. Why?

No, you don't need to mail a check if the filing instructions show you chose direct debit.  Lines 53a and 53b are only for direct deposit of a refund.  Since you are not getting a refund, those lines should be blank.  

The same thing happened to me on my childs return that I filed in February but it did print a payment voucher when I printed the return.  I checked it didn't withdraw from my bank so we mailed the check.  I just filed mine but surprisingly I got a Mo State refund so I can't say if it consistently happens but it is something Turbo Tax team should investigate. 

When you pick a date for the government to make a withdrawal, that is the earliest they can withdraw. Depending on the government, it can take up to 3 weeks to actually process and come out. TurboTax has nothing to do with money being withdrawn, we just send the information. 

Instead of waiting on them to make a withdrawal, you can tell the program that you will mail the voucher and then make the payment online. That requires more work but because of the way you clearly stay on top of things, that process might work better for you.

To pay MO directly, instead of a debit or mailing, Pay Individual Income Taxes Online

@lfisher4200 

I paid Turbotax $25 to have my MO income tax submitted with balance due immediately withdraw from checking account that was 30 days ago and MO has not withdraw balance due from my account.  Checked "Missouri Return Tracker" return was Received, Validated, Processed and Completed.  Bottom line, I still owe my balance due.  Does TT have contact I can discuss about this issue.   or should I mail balance due to State

What does it say on the Filing Instructions page (page 1) for your MO state return, @Julrichh   Sometimes, states are delayed, so it may still be pending.   

Check with the MO Dept of Revenue - use the Taxation (Individual) menu.