Checks and the paperwork that accompanies them (if at all) are separated in the processing. If you do not write your SSN on the check, the IRS cannot apply the payment. The IRS says to put your Social Security number on the memo line of a check when sending in a payment.
I would contact the IRS or stop payment on the check and send a new check.
Thanks very much @torobert222! I think that I better call my bank to stop payment on my check, right? + send the good one.
Thank you, eugen
Yes, I would stop payment and send a new check although the IRS might charge you for the check being returned if they do try to cash it.
HERE is a link to setting up an account with the IRS, it might be helpful.
HERE is a link for IRS Tax Advocate Services, they might help.