how did you pay? using direct debit or sending payment, there is no receipt. your proof is an entry on a statement from the funding source. If you used a money order, there's nothing. for payments made online using IRS Diret Pay, there should have been an option to print or save the transaction. If you didn't, the proof would be on a statement from the funding source. You can register with ID.ME if needed and access your account transcript
Taxes owed and paid are not entered on a tax return. Just file your tax return as is, the IRS knows the taxes were paid.
Your actual receipt of payment depends on how you paid the taxes owed.
If you paid by direct debit from your bank account using the IRS payment website, it will be the confirmation number you received and your bank statement showing the payee and the payment.
If you paid the taxes owed by credit card, it will be your credit card statement showing the payee and the amount paid.