I e-filed my federal taxes. Where can I find the date I indicated for automatic payment?

Go back to the File tab, go through the screens until you get to the one asks how do you want to pay your taxes owed.

OR:

To verify the date that Federal funds will be withdrawn from your account, confirm that funds have been transferred, or cancel the transaction up to 48 hours before the date you designated the funds to be debited, call the IRS at 1 (888) 353-4537.

https://ttlc.intuit.com/questions/1899148-when-will-my-tax-payment-go-through

The File tab method didn't work.  The message said that I had no returns eligible to file so it wouldn't let me get any further.

I also gave you another option, which is to call the number above, you should be able to verify the date your funds will be withdrawn.