You can find out how you chose to pay your state taxes by downloading and either reading and or printing out your tax return and Part VI on the State Information Worksheet will have your state auto debit date and bank account information for that payment. If you need instructions on how to download/print your return please click this link: https://ttlc.intuit.com/questions/2562308-how-do-i-print-a-copy-of-my-return-after-filing-for-my-own...
If you chose to have them withdraw from your bank account, generally, the funds are withdrawn on the payment date you specified if your return has been accepted. If you still don't see the debit 7-10 days after your return has been accepted and your specified date, you will need to contact your state tax agency, if you owe a state payment. If you didn't specify a date, then April 17th is the default payment date.
In the meantime, keep an eye on your bank account – if you still don't see the debit 7-10 days after your return has been accepted you can contact your state agency by clicking on the following link and choosing which state you filed your return with to get their contact information: https://ttlc.intuit.com/questions/1901670-how-do-i-contact-my-state-department-of-revenue