Hello! I woke up this morning and realized that my bank just charged my for my state taxes owed, how do I know if it fully went through (aka receipt)?

For most states, you will not get an actual receipt.  Your bank statement is your "receipt" or proof of payment. Depending on your state, you may be able to log into your account and then see a history of payments made.  Then you could print your payment history from their site.  

Which state do you live in?

Thanks for that!! Also I have another question!! I miss the Federal Payment yesterday because my bank didn't have enough, will my bank charge me on April 15 or how do I go about that?

Do you mean that your Federal payment was not made because there was not enough money in the account?  You should contact your bank to get all of the details about the payments made and expected to be made from that account.  Your payments should happen on the date you selected when filing your return.

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