No, TurboTax desktop does not support uploading of 1099-B forms.
However, TurboTax will generate Form 8453, (U.S. Individual Income Tax Transmittal for an IRS e-file Return) which is used to mail your copy of Form 1099-B to the IRS. You can still electronically file your tax return, but the additional forms will need to be mailed.
Form 8453 and supporting documents provides more information on when and where to mail your supporting forms after you electronically file your return.