Do I have to claim income from an employer if they gave you a receipt only and not a W-2? How would I claim this if I do?

Did they take any taxes out of it?  Sounds like self employment income.  Yes you have to report all your income no matter how small.

For Online,   You can enter Self Employment Income into Online Deluxe or Premier but if you have any expenses you will have to upgrade to the Self Employed version.  How to enter income from Self Employment https://ttlc.intuit.com/replies/4801198