2015: F-1 no income
2016: F-1 form 1040NR (exempt individual)
2017: F-1 form 1040NR (exempt individual)
2018: F-1 form 1040NR (exempt individual)
2019: F-1 until 09/30/19 then H1-B from 01/10/19. Got married on 12/28/19 with NR alien out of US)
Since I don't meet the substancial test for 2019 yet (90 days as H1-B, October to December), is there any exception to be treated as Resident Alien to claim Standard deduction filing married jointly?
No, there is no exception and therefore you are unable to file as a Resident Alien in 2019. On the F-1 Visa you were exempt from counting days toward the Substantial Presence Test for any part or five calendar years (2015 - 2019). You were not able to start counting the days until you received the H1B Visa on 10/01/19. You will need to file a Form 1040-NR again in 2019.
In 2020, if your stay in the U.S., you will be able to file as a Resident Alien and file a Form 1040 through TurboTax. You will be able to attach a statement with your return electing to treat your wife as a Resident Alien for tax purposes.