Can I file 2023 taxes and claim those wages? If I worked Nov 6th through December 31st. Due to issues adding me to system I didn't recirvd pay check until January 2024.

No.  You put it on your tax return next year for 2024.  It should be on the W2 you get next January 2025 for 2024 wages.

Did you get a W-2 for 2023? If so, you have to file it on a 2023 tax return, even if you didn't get the money until 2024.

If you did not get a W-2 for 2023 you have nothing to file for 2023. The pay that you received in January 2024 should be included in the 2024 W-2 that you get in January 2025. You will include it in your 2024 tax return.