What are the date ranges for claims on my tax report? for example I recently bought glasses and eye frames i paid out of pocket for this past month, can i claim them?

Only medical expenses you paid with out of pocket funds in 2024 can be entered as a deduction on a 2024 tax return.

You purchased the glasses in 2025?   You put that on your 2025 tax return next year.   Your 2024 tax return can only have information about your income and expenses for tax year 2024-----from January 1, 2024 to December 31, 2024.

No, you can't claim those in 2024.  You will claim only the items that you paid for in 2024 on your 2024 tax return.  Save those receipts for your 2025 return instead.