If I made no income in 2017 because of injury and illness can I file a tax return with my medical deductions and get a refund?

If you have no earned income, then no, you do not need to file and will not get a refund.

I think you mean if you have no income (other than Social Security)?

filed for social security disability in June of 2016 still waiting on the process to go through. Laid off due to maximum improvement on injury from 2013.