I understand that I can deduct my non-reimbursed job-related expenses from my CA returns (but not Federal). Does Turbo Tax do this by way of Form 2106?

Yes.  You'll enter your information in the federal portion of your return as if you were claiming them there, and they'll transfer over to your state return.

Please see the TurboTax Help article Where do I enter job-related employee expenses? (Form 2106) for guidance. 

California allows the amount of Job Expenses and Certain Miscellaneous Itemized Deductions that exceed 2% of your federal Adjusted Gross Income.  See Deductions for more information.