Donations are only deductible if they are made to a branch of government, or to a tax-exempt organization that is registered with the IRS. Donations made to individual needy people or to non-registered organizations are not deductible.
If you made donations to a registered exempt organization, you will list them under "Donations and Gifts to Charity" on the Deductions and Credits page. Enter them as item donations, you can use the price you paid as the value. If audited, you need a receipt or acknowledgment from the charity. Whether the donation actually changes your tax depends on all your deductions, income, and other tax situations.