Does income, under $20k, earned outside the US and paid from a non-USA company, need to be declared. Earner is not a US citizen, just resident.

Yes, it must be reported. US resident aliens are taxed just like US citizens. Income earned world wide needs to be reported on your US tax return. You will receive the foreign tax credit for taxes paid outside the US.

For more information, follow this link: Taxation of Resident Aliens