i want to compare what I would have paid in ND state income tax for tax year 2023 to what I paid in MN state income tax.

Well---go on the ND tax web site and see if you can get the 2023 forms to prepare a state return for 2023.  You will need your federal return since it will ask for information from that form.

https://ttlc.intuit.com/community/state-taxes/help/how-do-i-contact-my-state-department-of-revenue/00/25573

Or:

North Dakota has a graduated income tax rate from 1.95 to 2.50%.

Minnesota has a graduated income tax rate from 5.35 to 9.85%.