If you are itemizing your deductions, you can enter your state taxes paid in 2024, regardless of which year they were for, by selecting the following:
If you are not itemizing your return, you do not need to enter this on your return.
Itemized expenses include mortgage interest, gambling losses up to winnings, charitable contributions, state and local taxes up to $10,000, medical expenses in excess of 7.5% of your AGI and casualty and losses in excess of 10% of you AGI with the first $100 not counting towards the loss.
Then your total itemized expenses would need to be greater than your standard deduction below in order to benefit from your expenses.
The 2024 Standard Deductions are as follows:
Blind or over 65 and MFJ or MFS add $1,550
Single or HOH if blind or over 65 add $1,950
Standard versus Itemized Deduction