Q. Do I need to pay New York State taxes for the 10 months I lived in Florida?
A. Yes, usually. The fact that your intent was to return to NY after completion of this temporary job, means you were still a NY resident for tax purposes.
But, the fact that your job and stay in FL may exceed one year (I won’t be moving back to New York until February of 2025) may affect the meaning of "temporary". So, it may depend on more details. Did you establish FL residency; Did you get a FL drivers license and auto registration, did you maintain a NY address, are you a student-dependent (do you technically still live with your parents), etc.
To add a bit to @Hal_Al 's answer, you're a resident of New York for tax purposes as long as your domicile is in New York. This New York tax reference clarifies the meaning of domicile:
https://www.tax.ny.gov/pit/file/pit_definitions.htm#domicile
New York taxes its residents on all their income, regardless of where earned.
@TomD8 wrote:
To add a bit to @Hal_Al 's answer, you're a resident of New York for tax purposes as long as your domicile is in New York. This New York tax reference clarifies the meaning of domicile:
https://www.tax.ny.gov/pit/file/pit_definitions.htm#domicile
New York taxes its residents on all their income, regardless of where earned.
You are a permanent resident of New York for all of 2024 if it was your intention that the Florida internship was temporary and you planned to return to New York. There is no specific time limit either way, it's based largely on intention. To be considered to be domiciled in Florida, you would also have to show that you took specific steps to abandon your domicile in New York (like giving up your lease, moving all your stuff out of your home or apartment, etc.)