I live in KY and work remotely from my home office but I work for a university located in Georgia. Did I earn money in another state?

No, your income is considered KY income. 

If your employer’s state withholds income for state taxes, you can file GA nonresident return to receive a refund for taxes withheld.

How do I file a nonresident state return?

And if your employer does not withhold KY income tax from your pay, or if you are an independent contractor (you receive a 1099-NEC rather than a W-2), then you must make quarterly estimated tax payments to Kentucky.