Yes, you can have an underpayment penalty if you don't have enough taxes withheld to cover the taxes that you owe.
The underpayment penalty may apply if :
- The amount of tax you paid during the tax year is less than 90% of the tax that you owed for the current year.
- The amount you paid during the tax year did not equal 100% of your taxes owed the prior year.
- The IRS also says you can probably avoid the penalty if the amount you owe is less than $1,000, after subtracting withholding and refundable credits.
To avoid this situation it is recommended that you adjust your W-4 with your employer, or pay estimated taxes.