Hello,
I just withdrew (Feb. 6, 2025) my total May 2024 Roth contribution of $8000 (made for tax year 2024) and my broker will figure the Net Income Attributable (NIA) and remove that as well.
They indicated I will receive a 1099-R at end of 2025 with the NIA earnings which will be taxable... they said taxable and reported with 2025 tax return since that is when I received the earnings, but I am not sure this is correct?
Do I need to somehow create a "dummy" 1099-R for 2024 and pay tax on the NIA this year, or can it wait until 2025 when I have the 1099-R in hand? I don't know what that 1099-R will look like, or if I will need to file an amended 2024 tax return, with that new 1099-R, to pay the tax on the NIA; OR, can I just use that 1099-R for next year's 2025 taxes? Part of the earnings I guess technically were earned in 2024 and part in 2025, since the NIA spans two years, but I am receiving the full earnings in 2025. I don't anticipate penalties, but does the IRS charge interest on taxes paid late with an amended return?
Too many questions, I know!
Thank you for any help.
"They indicated I will receive a 1099-R at end of 2025 with the NIA earnings which will be taxable... they said taxable and reported with 2025 tax return since that is when I received the earnings, but I am not sure this is correct?"
That's correct if the distribution is from a designated Roth account in an employer-provided retirement plan like a 401(k), but not for a distribution from a Roth IRA. However, since you mentioned an $8,000 contribution, it's reasonable to assume that the contribution being returned is a Roth IRA contribution and the taxable earnings are to be included in income on your 2024 tax return. As such, the taxable gains are reportable on your 2024 tax return. You do this in 2025 TurboTax by entering a code JP 2025 Form 1099-R with the total amount distributed ($8,000 plus gains) in box 1 and the gains in box 2a. (TurboTax will ask for the year of the form.) You can do this by either generating a dummy From 1099-R as if you have already received it or you can amend your 2024 tax return in 2025 after receiving the actual form.
To avoid TurboTax assessing a penalty due to the code-J being present to indicate that this distribution is from a Roth IRA, claim the penalty exception on the box 2a amount for Corrective distributions made before the due date of the return.
There is no requirement in the tax code that a return of a Roth IRA contribution before the due date of the tax return be a return of an excess contribution.
@elpram215 , the fact that only $3,000 was excess is irrelevant to how the return of contribution is treated on your tax return.
The Roth IRA ordering rules do not apply to a return of contribution reported with codes J and P.
As I understand it you made a $7,000 Roth IRA contribution in 2024, in early 2025 you requested that that $7,000 contribution be returned and Vanguard distributed $8,100 after adjusting for investment gain. The $1,100 is taxable on your 2024 tax return but is not subject to any early-distribution penalty.
In TurboTax, enter the $7,000 Roth IRA contribution. When TurboTax indicates that $3,000 is an excess contribution and asks how much you had (or will have) returned to you, enter $7,000. Separately, enter a code JP 2025 Form 1099-R with $8,100 in box 1 and $1,100 in box 2a. This will cause TurboTax to properly include the $1,100 on Form 1040 line 4b. You'll also need to claim a penalty exception on the $1,100 for Corrective distributions made before the due date of your tax return.
If the withdrawal was a correction distribution to reverse the contributions you made in 2024 to apply to that year, then you should report the earnings in 2024. You can do that on your 2024 return if you haven't filed it yet. You will need to prepare a substitute Form 1099-R for your 2024 return as follows:
To enter a substitute form 1099-R in Turbo Tax Desktop follow these instructions:
To enter a substitute form 1099-R in Turbo Tax Online follow these instructions:
For the entries:
You are subject to interest and penalties on late payment of income taxes on an amended return.
Thanks for the reply!
I was reading the instructions Vanguard provided and they said to refer to instructions for IRS form 8606. I read through those and I don't need to file a 8606, but the instructions do mention on page 6, Return of IRA Contributions, "you must include the amount of the distribution of the returned contributions you made in 2024 and any related earnings on your 2024 Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR, line 4a. Also include the related earnings on your 2024 Form 1040, 1040-SR, or 1040-NR, line 4b. Attach a statement explaining the distribution."
So I am wondering if instead of a substitute 1099-R I can just over-ride 4a and 4b... the tax result appears to be the same both ways when I tried each?
I am sure I will get a 1099-R in 2026 for this amount, but I am guessing box 7 will have a "P" - taxable in 2024. I won't need an amended return because I used 4a & 4b?
You must report the information on your 2024 return, and the earnings attributable are taxable on your 2024 return, even though the actual withdrawal occurred in 2025. This is per the regulations and form instructions.
You will also report the 1099-R on your 2025 tax return, but it should be coded in such a way that you don't pay tax again on the NIA.
I am in a similar situation, but I am still eligible for partial Roth contribution (income between the $10,000 reduced contribution range). I withdrew the full $7,000 2024 Roth contribution in Jan '25. When reporting the 1099-R, I entered code P and J in box 7. My question is can I claim the 10% penalty waiver for the total excess earnings or only partial? The total earnings withdrawn is $1,100. Out of the $7,000 contribution withdrawn, about $3,000 is the considered "excess contribution."
@elpram215 wrote:
I am in a similar situation, but I am still eligible for partial Roth contribution (income between the $10,000 reduced contribution range). I withdrew the full $7,000 2024 Roth contribution in Jan '25. When reporting the 1099-R, I entered code P and J in box 7. My question is can I claim the 10% penalty waiver for the total excess earnings or only partial? The total earnings withdrawn is $1,100. Out of the $7,000 contribution withdrawn, about $3,000 is the considered "excess contribution."
The SECURE 2.0 act removed the 10% penalty on excess earnings withdrawn before the deadline.
If you had $3000 excess but removed $7000, then about $500 of the earnings is excess withdrawn before the deadline (not subject to the penalty) but $600 is other earnings, seemingly subject to the penalty. But, regular Roth IRA withdrawals are always contributions first, earnings last, so you should have about $3000 of "excess contribution", $500 of attributed earnings and $4600 of regular withdrawal of contributions, assuming you made contributions in a prior year.
I'm not sure how this situation should be reported.
@dmertz what do you suggest?
"They indicated I will receive a 1099-R at end of 2025 with the NIA earnings which will be taxable... they said taxable and reported with 2025 tax return since that is when I received the earnings, but I am not sure this is correct?"
That's correct if the distribution is from a designated Roth account in an employer-provided retirement plan like a 401(k), but not for a distribution from a Roth IRA. However, since you mentioned an $8,000 contribution, it's reasonable to assume that the contribution being returned is a Roth IRA contribution and the taxable earnings are to be included in income on your 2024 tax return. As such, the taxable gains are reportable on your 2024 tax return. You do this in 2025 TurboTax by entering a code JP 2025 Form 1099-R with the total amount distributed ($8,000 plus gains) in box 1 and the gains in box 2a. (TurboTax will ask for the year of the form.) You can do this by either generating a dummy From 1099-R as if you have already received it or you can amend your 2024 tax return in 2025 after receiving the actual form.
To avoid TurboTax assessing a penalty due to the code-J being present to indicate that this distribution is from a Roth IRA, claim the penalty exception on the box 2a amount for Corrective distributions made before the due date of the return.
There is no requirement in the tax code that a return of a Roth IRA contribution before the due date of the tax return be a return of an excess contribution.
Thank you for the response @Opus 17!
@dmertz My situation is slightly different than the OP. My AGI falls between the reduced contribution limit range. Here is a summary breakdown:
2024 Calculated Excess Contribution: $3,000
2024 Roth Contribution: $7,000 - all withdrawn in January 2025.
2024 Contribution Earnings: $1,100 (calculated by Vanguard from the $7,000 withdrawn contribution)
Per @Opus 17 , since only $3,000 is considered excess contribution based on my AGI, technically about ~$500 is the excess earnings that is eligible for penalty exception, while the remaining $600 earnings is subject to 10% penalty.
However, @Opus 17 also said that priority for regular Roth IRA withdrawal is contribution first, earnings last. Under this priority, $3,000 is excess contribution, $500 is excess earnings, and $4,600 can be claimed as "regular contribution withdrawal." I have had my Roth IRA for 10 years, contributed to it each year.
Any suggestion is appreciated, @dmertz ! 🙏
@elpram215 , the fact that only $3,000 was excess is irrelevant to how the return of contribution is treated on your tax return.
The Roth IRA ordering rules do not apply to a return of contribution reported with codes J and P.
As I understand it you made a $7,000 Roth IRA contribution in 2024, in early 2025 you requested that that $7,000 contribution be returned and Vanguard distributed $8,100 after adjusting for investment gain. The $1,100 is taxable on your 2024 tax return but is not subject to any early-distribution penalty.
In TurboTax, enter the $7,000 Roth IRA contribution. When TurboTax indicates that $3,000 is an excess contribution and asks how much you had (or will have) returned to you, enter $7,000. Separately, enter a code JP 2025 Form 1099-R with $8,100 in box 1 and $1,100 in box 2a. This will cause TurboTax to properly include the $1,100 on Form 1040 line 4b. You'll also need to claim a penalty exception on the $1,100 for Corrective distributions made before the due date of your tax return.
Thank you @dmertz for the quick response and explanation!
Hi,
This all makes 100% sense to me and I did as you described, but the NIA earnings are not appearing on line 4b, or anyplace else for that matter, and my tax owed is not reflecting the approximate $200 that I own on the earnings... any ideas what may be missing or maybe TurboTax has a glitch and I should over-ride line 4b?
Really appreciate your help, I did speak to Vanguard again and they said yes, 1099-R in 2025 will have codes J and P, with full withdrawal amount in box 1 and earnings in Box 2a. I am 64 so not sure why code J, but that's what they said...
If I enter 8 and P, then the $880 appears on my 1040 line 1h, Other Earned Income, which may work?
UPDATE: I found what was causing line 4a/4b not to fill in.. I had over-ridden them earlier when I wanted to type them in myself! Even though the boxes were empty, I still needed to cancel the over-ride, and when I did everything filled in correctly and I am all set! I will leave this post here as it may help someone, someday 🙂
Such fun! Thank you again, your post really helped me out.
Make sure you enter the earnings in box 2a when enter the 2025 Form 1099-R with codes J and P.
If you made an excess contribution in 2024 and withdrew the 2024 excess Roth IRA contribution plus earnings in 2025 before the due date, then you will get a 2025 Form 1099-R in 2026 with codes P and J. This 1099-R will have to be included on your 2024 tax return and you have two options:
To create a Form 1099-R in your 2024 return please follow the steps below:
Please be aware, code P will say in the drop-down menu "Return of contribution taxable in 2023" but you can ignore that since the follow-up question will tell TurboTax that it will be taxable in 2024.
Hi Dana, I read your 13-steps for creating a 1099-R. In my situation, both federal and state taxes were withheld. Should I still follow these steps and enter the federal and state tax amounts? Or, follow the 13-steps and do not include the federal and state tax amounts that were withheld? If I wait until I receive the 2025 Form 1099-R in 2026 and amend my 2024 return, will I be penalized on the earnings since I didn't report them on my 2024 return?
No, you do not need to enter taxes withheld when you enter the 2025 Form 1099-R with codes P and J on your 2024 return.
You will have to enter the Form 1099-R also on your 2025 tax return to get the withheld taxes applied to 2025. The 2025 code P will not do anything to your income to the 2025 tax return income but the withholdings will be applied to 2025.
No, you do not get penalized if you decide to wait until you receive the 2025 Form 1099-R.
I have been reading through the responses and would appreciate clarification to responses in my situation.
My Roth IRA excess contribution happened last year when filing my 2023 tax return. Turbo Tax identified the amount of $2,090 during tax preparation, which my broker then re-characterized in March 2024 as a 2024 contribution instead of from 2023. The distribution included $118 in earnings. So the money never actually left the account, and the amount of the excess contribution was what was removed, unlike some of these other posters who removed additional funds.
Fast forward to now where I have a 2024 1099-R with those amounts in lines 1 ($2,207.88) and 2a ($118) with no taxes withheld and codes J and P. Do I have to amend my 2023 return to include the $118 in earnings or am I able to report those in 2024 (since the distribution occurred in 2024)? I do not believe I entered the $118 anywhere on my 2023 return.
Thank you in advance!
which my broker then re-characterized in March 2024 as a 2024 contribution instead of from 2023.
now where I have a 2024 1099-R with those amounts in lines 1 ($2,207.88) and 2a ($118) with no taxes withheld and codes J and P. "
The statements are contradictory. no wonder you are confused.
The 10990R says code P which means 2023 which means the broker did not change the year of contribution.
you have to report $118 on your 2023 tax return.
If it was a recharacterization, the earnings aren't withdrawn and aren't taxable.
@dmertz can you assist here?
Code J and P in box 7 indicate a return of contribution, not a recharacterization. If cash distributed as a return of was deposited into a traditional IRA, that's an independent cash contribution to the traditional IRA, not a recharacterization.
Hi Dmertz,
You've been so helpful on this informative chain. I just wanted to quickly run by you my situation to ensure I file correctly with Turbotax this year.
It sounds from this chain that after taking these steps (the removal of excess from Roth, and then backdoor to Roth), there won't be any tax documentation immediately provided by my bank that I could use right away in filing now for the 2024 tax year, is that typically correct? Please correct me, but if I would like to solve this mistake during filing this tax season for the 2024 year, it sounds like I must:
Thank you so very much for your help with this, and I apologize for the longer outreach post, but I'm very grateful for your help!!
Yes, you can enter the Roth IRA contribution and then indicate that you withdrew it by the due date on the penalty screen:
If you made an excess contribution in 2024 and withdrew the 2024 excess Roth IRA contribution plus earnings in 2025 before the due date, then you will get a 2025 Form 1099-R in 2026 with codes P and J. This 1099-R will have to be included on your 2024 tax return and you have two options:
To create a Form 1099-R in your 2024 return please follow the steps below:
Please be aware, code P will say in the drop-down menu "Return of contribution taxable in 2023" but you can ignore that since the follow-up question will tell TurboTax that it will be taxable in 2024.
Thank you very much! I followed all the steps, but in the math for my tax bill it is still counting the ~$130 as taxable (I put it in manually as such) even though I entered that ~$130 in the Corrective distributions made before the due date of the return box. I'm not sure that my exemption is being accounted for. Would you mind advising me on best course of action to confirm one way or the other? Thank you!
The $130 of attributable earnings are indeed taxable, so you are getting the correct result.