Why does Turbotax Basic not have a box to check for a "CORRECTED" 1099-R?

The Corrected box is on the Enter your 1099-R screen, in the Payer Information, under the Federal ID Number box.

To quickly navigate to that section of TurboTax:

1. Click on the magnifying glass (Search) and type 1099-R. 
2. Click on the Jump to 1099-r.
3. On the Your 1099-R Entries screen, Edit the 1099-R.
4. Continue with the onscreen interview until complete.