Why do I owe when I only received 12,912.00 for the yr from social security?

Was Social Security your ONLY income or did you have other income too like income from working, investment income, pension, etc. etc. etc.?    If your ONLY income was Social Security you are not required to file a tax return at all unless you have a 1095A for marketplace health insurance.

If the Social Security benefits are the Only income to be reported on the tax return, then there is no reason or need to file a tax return.