I am retired. I have a qualified Pension Plan from my previous employer. Do I answer yes to the following question? "Are you covered by a retirement plan at work?"

You would not answer yes if you are retired or if you no longer work for an employer that has a retirement plan.

I would qualify that ...somewhat.....

i.e. if you Retired during some date within 2024, and get a W-2 for 2024 with box 13 checked....then that applies as a YES, even if the W-2 was only for one day in 2024.   

Of course, if you retired in 2023 or earlier, then it's likely a No, as long as you did not receive a 2024 W-2from any employer with box 13 checked on it.