Can I put on my taxes the deduction for work that SSA is showing that they took out of my check every month

The reduction in benefits that you receive as a result of having income higher than the limit for someone under full retirement age is not deductible.  It's, not a loss, it's an amount not included in your reportable income in the first place.  This reduction in benefits will be made up later when your benefit is re-determined at full retirement age.

Note on the 1099-SSA that the amount was already handled ... in the TT program you ONLY enter the box 5 net amount paid.