The move to Virginia was part of a military ordered move so my parents are still Alaskan residents. Am I?
Unfortunately, your father's residency status as a member of the military does not extend to dependents or former dependents. Non-military spouses and dependents living in Virginia are subject to the same residency and filing requirements as all other individuals so you will have to file as a Virginia resident.
Wait, I' not sure what you are saying ....Non-military (civilian) spouses for miliary member can retain the same state as the Military person. As such, if the civilian spouse chooses to remain an AK resident, that civilian spouse does not have to pay VA taxes on any W-2 income in VA, nor interest/dividends. The civilian spouse would have to pay VA "non-resident" income taxes on any self-employment income in VA....and if they have rental income from property owned in VA, then non-resident taxes are due on that too...
I'm just not up on the state netherworld that dependents may or may not be subject to. A good resource may be base legal services...they would have dealt with this billions of times.
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Certainly, if the "dependent" is both NOT in HS, and also NOT going to college, then it gets hazier.