I am a M Day Soldier and didn't really have any out of state assignments or deployments this last tax year of 2023. How do I break the Oregon Military pay stuff down.

It appears you would subtract $6000 for "Other military pay".  If you did not have any active duty pay outside of OR or Guard or Reserve pay for more than 21 days outside of OR or any state active duty (Governor ordered to duty) pay then the $6000 subtraction would be available to you.  Here the OR reference.