Where do I enter monies received from garnishing wages of a rental property tenant?

From the information you provided, this is rental income. 

1. Sign into your TurboTax Account
2. Click on Pick up where you left off 
3. On the left side screen, select Federal then Wages & Income
4. On the Wages and income screen, scroll down to Rental Properties and Royalties (Sch E) and Edit/Add.
5. Edit the property that this rental income is for.
6. On the Here's XXX rental property info screen, select Add income.
7. On the Let's enter the income for XXXX screen, select Cash, checks, and electronic payments and Continue.
8. On the Enter your cash, checks, or electronic payments for XXX screen, enter the amount you received and Continue. 

It still gets included in the total rent received on the SCH E. If you'll look at the rental income section, you'll see where you can select options for rental income reported on 1099-MISC, as well as rental income not reported on any tax reporting document.

What if the money was received in a different year since the  property has since been sold.

You can enter it as other income.  You didn't say if you received a tax from so here are both ways to enter.

If it is not reported on a tax form:
1. go to the federal income section
2. scroll to the bottom
3. Miscellaneous Income, 1099-A, 1099-C, Start
4. Scroll to the bottom
5. Other reportable income, Start
6. Other taxable income?
7. Select YES
8. Description 
9. Amount, enter your amount
10. Continue

If it is reported on a 1099:
1. go to the federal income section
2. scroll to the bottom
3. Miscellaneous Income, 1099-A, 1099-C, Start
4. Other income not already reported on a W2 or 1099, Start
5. Other wages? Yes
6. Household employee? Continue
7. Sick pay, continue, Medicaid, continue
8. Other Earned Income? Select Yes, continue
9. Source of income? Select Other
10. Enter description

11. Enter your taxable amount
12. Continue