The tax as an overall percentage of taxable income doesn't mean anything because your taxable income is not all taxed at the same rate. Portions of your taxable income fall in different tax brackets, and different types of income are taxed at different rates.
The tax brackets, for both ordinary income and long-term capital gains, are adjusted every year. The percentages remain the same, but the boundaries between brackets change.
There is one set of rates that applies to ordinary income, including nonqualified dividends and short-term capital gain. There is a different set of rates that applies to qualified dividends and long-term capital gain. So your overall percentage of tax will vary depending on how much of your total taxable income is in each rate category.
No, the capital gains rates did not change. However, your income subject to capital gains may have changed form last year to this year.
Also, you may not be eligible for deductions or credits that you were eligible for in 2021 versus 2022.
[Edited 03-13-2023|4:46 PM PST]
It's not clear what you're looking at when you state the amount of your "taxes." Are you looking at the tax on Form 1040 line 16, or are you looking at the total tax on Form 1040 line 24, or some other tax amount? The tax on line 16 is based on the taxable income on line 15, but at various rates, as I said above. But there may be other taxes included in line 24 in addition to the tax on line 16. The other taxes are not based on the taxable income on line 15.