If this qualifies as a SCH C business (not all short term rentals do) then it's business property that gets depreciated over 39 or 40 years. (Can't recall which).
Rental property, including short term in some cases, is normally reported on SCH E and the residential type gets depreciated over 27.5 years.
On of the main criteria for short term rental property to qualify as a SCH C business is that you must provide services to the tenant that are predominantly beneficial to the tenant. For example, housekeeping services, laundry services, cooking, etc. (cleaning the property between tenants is not generally considered predominantly beneficial to the tenant unfortunately.)