If you already successfully efiled why are you wandering around the program again?   The program only sends your payment info to the feds but they are never informed if the payment ever happened. 

And did the IRS complete the payment yet ?   Check your CC statement. 

Why does my TT account say I still owe tax due?

TT does not update after your return has been accepted.  Your account will always show the result of the return you prepared using the software.  TurboTax never knows if you received your refund —or how, when or even if you paid tax due.  Your proof that you paid your tax will be your own bank/credit card records.

I don't think you can pay taxes due with a credit card from within the TT program (only the TT fees).  You have to go here:

Pay Your Taxes by Debit or Credit Card or Digital Wallet | Internal Revenue Service (irs.gov)

Is that what you did?