We have three parcels of land of about 30 acres each. We hire a farm manager who monitors and reports regularly to us about the tenant operations, crop yields, soil conditions, and maintenance issues. Also, in discussion with the farm manager, we participate in contracts, business, and farm decisions. We are responsible for maintenance and repair costs.
Two of these parcels are rented to a single tenant for a one-year lease term under a fixed rent lease. The lease is terminated and renegotiated each year.
Until 2020, the third parcel was also rented under the same business arrangement (which has been in practice for 10 years); however, this year the third parcel became part of the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP).
In the past, when all three parcels were rented (under the same business agreements as the two rental parcels are now), we entered them under the Rental Properties and Royalties category. However, by placing one parcel in the CRP, we have become confused about the categories under which we should enter the income and expenses and whether or not we can claim a Qualified Business Income deduction for any of them.
What we think we understand (Please correct if they are wrong):
What we are confused about is:
Your two rented parcels (FARM A) should be reported on Form 4835 and then Schedule E. This income is Qualified Business Income.
The parcel (FARM B) under Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) should be reported on Schedule F. The amount of your net Schedule F income that may be eligible for the QBI deduction is reduced by some deductions from the Form 1040. See the reference for the discussion on this and how if may or may not apply to your individual circumstances.