You misunderstood.
Your state tax due cannot be paid from your federal refund.
It is not possible to pay your state tax due from your federal refund, nor is it possible to pay a federal tax due from a state refund. The federal and state treasuries are completely separate from each other. You may have seen a TurboTax summary of your federal and state amounts that confused you into thinking one was “paying” the other. It is not. The ONLY thing you can pay for from a federal refund is your TurboTax fees if you chose that option.
If you have federal tax due you can pay by mailing your payment with the 1040V voucher, (which has the address printed on it, having the payment taken out of a designated bank account, or you can pay directly on the IRS website.
https://www.irs.gov/payments/direct-pay
https://ttlc.intuit.com/community/tax-payments/help/how-can-i-pay-my-federal-taxes/00/26212
You must pay your state tax due using the state’s preferred method of receiving payment. For most states that will be by making a payment to the state’s own tax website, or by mailing a check or money order.
https://ttlc.intuit.com/questions/1901670-how-do-i-contact-my-state-department-of-revenue
Taxes owed can Never be paid from a tax refund, federal or state. The state taxes owed were debited from your bank account as requested by you in the File section of the program on Step 2 where you were given options on how to pay the state taxes owed. Payment of taxes owed was not one of those options.
Is there a way to confirm that my state taxes will come out of my bank account? I believe that is what I elected, but I'm not sure how to confirm this. Otherwise if it is not coming out of my bank account, I would to know soon so that I can proceed with making the payment to the state.