Where can I find the date the taxes I owe are coming out of my banking account?

If you've already e-filed, it should be on your tax return PDF. It should be on your Federal Information Worksheet. Under Part V – Direct Deposit or Direct Debit Information. The direct debit date and balance-due will show under the Bank Routing and Account number.

When you print your tax return, the first page (or 2) are Filing Instructions.   The date and amount should be included somewhere on those pages.    And as stated above, it can be found on the Federal Information Worksheet (Info Wks) part V.  

When will my tax payment go through?