When a federal return is electronically filed via TurboTax and reported as "accepted" is that the end of it or is there more that awaits from the IRS?

When is accepted by IRS, this means the SSN's match, the W-2, and/or 1099 documents have EIN's that match, the dependents (if any) are not claimed on someone else's return.  The SSN's match the names on the return.

IRS still has to process the return yet, to determine it is correct based on information on the return.  The first hurdle is over (which is the biggest), then as long as everything else is OK and no back income taxes,child support, or defaulted student loans, you will get your refund soon.