What happens when you attempted to make a payment for MD State return but it was denied at the bank for insufficient funds? Will MD attempt to take the money again?

The state of Maryland will not represent the check. You have to pay your tax by other means. There is a $30 service charge for dishonored checks.

Please see this document for more information:

https://taxes.marylandtaxes.gov/Individual_Taxes/Taxpayer_Assistance/Individual_Tax_FAQs/Tax_Compliance_and_Enforcement_FAQs/Collections_FAQs/1.shtml