Notice that the IRS did not receive my refund even though I filed one

Does the IRS say you did not file a tax return or that you did not pay your tax due when you filed?   Your only proof that you paid your tax due will be your own bank or  credit card records.

What didn't the IRS receive?  You don't send a refund.  You file a tax return form 1040.  The IRS sends you the refund or you pay a tax due.   Did the IRS mail you a letter?  Or are you just looking at the IRS Where's my refund website?  The refund lookup page doesn't always show your info and may not be up to date or accurate.  Did you efile (and was it Accepted) or did you mail your return?