Paying the fee does not file your return. You can pay the fee, but you still have to go all the way though the steps of the FILE section to click a big orange button that says "transmit my returns now" to e-file. If you do not click that button, your tax return is not filed.
https://ttlc.intuit.com/questions/1901301-what-forms-of-payment-does-turbotax-online-accept
After you e-file, watch your emails.
When you e-file your federal return you will receive two emails from TurboTax. The first one will say that your return was submitted. The second email will tell you if your federal return was accepted or rejected. If you e-filed a state return, there will be a third email to tell you if the state accepted or rejected your state return.